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need

英 [niːd] 美[nid]
  • n. 需要,要求;缺乏;必要之物
  • vt. 需要
  • vi. 需要

考试真题


They need to rid their minds of sentimentalism ( ' , 感情用事): the most successful teams have leaders who are able to set an overall direction and take immediate action.

出自-2017年6月阅读原文

They need to keep teams small and focused: giving in to pressure to be more inclusive is a guarantee of dysfunction.

出自-2017年6月阅读原文

They need to immunise teams against group-think: Hackman argued that the best ones contain deviants ( ' , 离经叛道者) who are willing to do something that may be upsetting to others.

出自-2017年6月阅读原文

The least that can be concluded from this research is that companies need to think harder about managing teams.

出自-2017年6月阅读原文

However, organisations need to learn something bigger than how to manage teams better: they need to be in the habit of asking themselves whether teams are the best tools for the job.

出自-2017年6月阅读原文

Honestly, I didn't need to open a second studio.

出自-2017年6月阅读原文

Feeling the need to change, Leah started playing with future possibilities by exploring her interests and developing new capabilities.

出自-2017年6月阅读原文

may be better at solving puzzlescan memorize things with more easemay have greater facility in abstract reasoningcan put what they have learnt into more effective usefind ways to slow down our mental declinefind ways to boost our memoriesunderstand the complex process of mental functioningunderstand the relation between physical and mental healthThe most important thing in the news last week was the rising discussion in Nashville about the educational needs of children.

出自-2016年6月阅读原文

When your elderly relative needs to enter some sort of long-term care facility—a moment few parents or children approach without fear—what you would like is to have everything made clear.

出自-2016年6月阅读原文

What does the author say about pre-kindergarten education?It should cater to the needs of individual children.

出自-2016年6月阅读原文

The results do not mean that young adults need to start worrying about their memories.

出自-2016年6月阅读原文

Seek true pleasureTo have a meaningful, happy life we need friends.

出自-2016年6月阅读原文

For this purpose, our schools need both the talent and the organization to educate each child who arrives at the schoolhouse door.

出自-2016年6月阅读原文

To deal with obesity, a mixture of approaches—including reformulation, taxation and adjusting portion sizes—will be needed.

出自-2016年12月阅读原文

They will, however, need to know what system they're looking for.

出自-2016年12月阅读原文

They thought that a person with talent or intelligence did not need to work hard to do well.

出自-2016年12月阅读原文

Then, he's going to need to know the technical details of your system and acquire the specific equipment necessary for jamming your specific setup.

出自-2016年12月阅读原文

So, too, would the motion detectors in your home, so the thief will need to continue jamming once he's inside and searching for things to steal.

出自-2016年12月阅读原文

Security devices are required to list the frequencies they broadcast on—that means that a potential thief can find what they need to know with minimal Googling.

出自-2016年12月阅读原文

Presumably, you keep your doors locked at night and while you're away, so the thief will still need to break in.

出自-2016年12月阅读原文

More studies are needed to find out the impact of emotion on behavior.

出自-2016年12月阅读原文

Investing in research to find ways to adapt to consumers' needs.

出自-2016年12月阅读原文

However, he'll need to do so without tripping the anti-jamming system, the details of which he almost certainly does not have access to.

出自-2016年12月阅读原文

He'll need to be jamming you at this point, as a broken window or opened door would normally release the alarm.

出自-2016年12月阅读原文

Gamification in employee training does not always need technology.

出自-2016年12月阅读原文

For workers, especially low-paid workers, who desperately need their jobs yet know they can be easily replaced, gamification may feel more like the Hunger Games.

出自-2016年12月阅读原文

For comparison, let's say you wanted to jam a conversation between two people—all you'd need to do is yell in the listener's ear.

出自-2016年12月阅读原文

First, a thief is going to need to target your home, specifically.

出自-2016年12月阅读原文

In turn, we get the needed services.

出自-2016年12月听力原文

You only need two kinds of people to create a technology hub ( ' , 中心 ): rich people and nerds ( ' , 痴迷科研 的人 ).

出自-2015年12月阅读原文

You may need to start by encouraging your current network to help you identify your blind spots.

出自-2015年12月阅读原文

You don't have to hit the grocery store daily, nor do you need an abundance of skill.

出自-2015年12月阅读原文

While most people will still probably need, and be, to some extent, clock-timers, task-based timing should be used when performing a job that requires more creativity.

出自-2015年12月阅读原文

There's no need to go out and find people you hate, but you need to do some self-assessment to determine where you have become stale in your thinking.

出自-2015年12月阅读原文

That means we need modest, realistic expectations, and we need to teach people to cook food that's good enough to share with family and friends.

出自-2015年12月阅读原文

Someday you won't even need recipes.

出自-2015年12月阅读原文

It's nice to have people agree, but you need conflicting perspectives to dig out the truth.

出自-2015年12月阅读原文

Do you really need the rich people? Wouldn't it work to have the government invest in the nerds? No, it would not.

出自-2015年12月阅读原文

Decades of research have shown that in order to acquire skills and real knowledge in school, kids need to want to learn.

出自-2015年12月阅读原文

And to save money and still eat well you don't need local, organic ingredients; all you need is real food.

出自-2015年12月阅读原文

A recent report makes several recommendations, including the abolition of most post-conviction penalties, except for those specifically needed to protect public safety.

出自-2015年12月阅读原文

That was news to me—I would need to find another way to structure my daily existence.

出自-2015年12月阅读原文

"Each body starts the day differently—and those individual differences need to be researched more closely," Spitznagel says.

2019年12月四级真题(第三套)阅读 Section B

"When you're emotionally vulnerable, you're even more in need of a caring human being," he says.

2019年6月四级真题(第三套)阅读 Section C

Basically, what we need from you is financial support.

2019年12月四级真题(第一套)听力 Section B

But I'll need a receipt, so I can charge it to my company.

2017年6月四级真题(第二套)听力 Section B

But it's also important to recognize that the pressure to divorce may be health-related and that sick ex-wives may need additional care and services to prevent worsening health and increased health costs.

2019年6月四级真题(第一套)阅读 Section C

Even though they see going to college as a fairly achievable goal, a majority—52 percent—think that young people do not need a four-year college education in order to be successful.

2017年12月四级真题(第三套)阅读 Section C

first, a thief is going to need to target your home, specifically.

2016年12月四级真题(第一套)阅读 Section B

For comparison, let's say you wanted to "jam" a conversation between two people—all you'd need to do is yell in the listener's ear.

2016年12月四级真题(第一套)阅读 Section B

However, if a contractor is working in your home, you don't need to tell them that there are cameras watching.

2018年12月四级真题(第二套)阅读 Section C

I do want to get married, but she thinks we need to wait until we've launched our careers.

2019年12月四级真题(第二套)听力 Section B

If I'm at home and I need to study, what I do is read out loud.

2018年12月四级真题(第一套)听力 Section B

In order to go ahead with this idea, we need 2 million dollars.

2019年12月四级真题(第一套)听力 Section B

It just means that I'll need to change my ticket.

2017年12月四级真题(第一套)听力 Section B

I've got a little put aside for a rainy day, but I might need to earn a little more before we go.

2017年12月四级真题(第一套)听力 Section B

People need to realize that bees are valuable and they should be looked after.

2017年6月四级真题(第二套)听力 Section A

right, and schools, employers… in fact, we all need to do something about it.

2017年6月四级真题(第一套)听力 Section B

So you just need to sign the form to say you've received it.

2019年6月四级真题(第二套)听力 Section B

Some desalination plants exist where feasible, but they are costly to run and can need constant repairs.

2018年12月四级真题(第一套)阅读 Section C

Sometimes people like drugs or need drugs so much, they can't do without them.

2015年12月四级真题(第二套)听力 Section C

That was news to me — I would need to find another way to structure my daily existence.

2015年12月四级真题(第二套)阅读 Section B

That's what—six to eight hundred pounds! So this time I'll need to make a lot more effort and hopefully will be successful the first time.

2019年6月四级真题(第一套)听力 Section B

The airlander will need to have 200 hours' flying time before being allowed to fly by the aviation administration.

2018年6月四级真题(第二套)听力 Section A

The package is too big and it needs a signature to confirm you have received it. So I would need to deliver it at the time when you're in.

2019年6月四级真题(第二套)听力 Section B

There was a great need for furniture and my grandparents saw a business opportunity.

2018年12月四级真题(第二套)听力 Section B

There's no need to go out and find people you hate, but you need to do some self-assessment to determine where you have become stale in your thinking.

2015年12月四级真题(第二套)阅读 Section C

They need to immunise teams against group-think: Hackman argued that the best ones contain"deviants" who are willing to do something that may be upsetting to others.

2017年6月四级真题(第三套)阅读 Section B

They need to keep teams small and focused: giving in to pressure to be more "inclusive" is a guarantee of dysfunction.

2017年6月四级真题(第三套)阅读 Section B

They need to rid their minds of sentimentalism: the most successful teams have leaders who are able to set an overall direction and take immediate action.

2017年6月四级真题(第三套)阅读 Section B

They sleep very deeply and need little or no food.

2017年6月四级真题(第二套)听力 Section C

This means that some wells may even need to undergo desalination after extraction, thus increasing the cost.

2018年12月四级真题(第一套)阅读 Section C

To have a meaningful, happy life we need friends.

2016年6月四级真题(第二套)阅读 Section B

To prepare for this before winter, these animals eat extra food to become fat, which gives them the energy they need while they sleep.

2017年6月四级真题(第二套)听力 Section C

Twenty pounds an hour, and the instructor says I'll need about30 to 40 lessons in total.

2019年6月四级真题(第一套)听力 Section B

We do still need the human touch or the human interaction, particularly when people are depressed.

2019年6月四级真题(第三套)阅读 Section C

What we really need at a policy level is to decide where the money will come from to help support good quality local green spaces.

2018年6月四级真题(第一套)阅读 Section C

You definitely need advice for the important decision like this.

2019年12月四级真题(第二套)听力 Section B

You may need to start by encouraging your current network to help you identify your blind spots.

2015年12月四级真题(第二套)阅读 Section C

You need to recognize each step of progress you take towards achieving your goals.

2019年12月四级真题(第一套)听力 Section B

You only need two kinds of people to create a technology hub: rich people and nerds.

2015年12月四级真题(第二套)阅读 Section C

What the designers of American sportswear proved was that fashion is a genuine design art, answering to the demanding needs of service.

出自-2017年6月阅读原文

We need very broad participation to fully address the global tragedy that results when countries fail to take into account the negative impact of their carbon emissions on the rest of the world.

出自-2017年6月阅读原文

Middle-class and higher-income parents see their children as projects in need of careful cultivation, says Annette Lareau, whose groundbreaking research on the topic was published in her book Unequal Childhoods: Class, Race and Family Life.

出自-2017年6月阅读原文

Last year, the Royal Society in London said in its report that scientists need to shift away from a research culture where data is viewed as a private preserve.

出自-2017年6月阅读原文

Action to restore appropriate price incentives, notably through corrective carbon pricing, is urgently needed to lower the risk of irreversible and potentially devastating effects of climate change.

出自-2017年6月阅读原文

You need to understand as a citizen and as a tax payer and as a voter what’s really behind the arguments.

出自-2017年6月听力原文

Within just the past five years, I have noticed parents returning to a belief that teenagers need the guidance of elders rather than the liberal, anything goes mode of child-rearing that became popular in the second half of the 20th century.

出自-2016年6月阅读原文

While the practice carries serious health risks for many, those dangers are outweighed by the social and economic gains for poor urban farmers and consumers who need affordable food.

出自-2016年6月阅读原文

We, of course, need to pay attention to youngsters who are filled with discontent and hostility, but we should not allow these extreme cases to distort our view of most young people.

出自-2016年6月阅读原文

We need to accept that fact across much of the planet, so waste with little or no treatment will be used in agriculture for good reason.

出自-2016年6月阅读原文

We aren't suffering from a shortage of needed skills; we're suffering from a lack of policy resolve.

出自-2016年6月阅读原文

To show the urgent need for the government to take action.

出自-2016年6月阅读原文

They need to know if reform will help solve the problem.

出自-2016年6月阅读原文

They include such measures as accountable care organizations to take charge of a patient's needs with an eye on both cost and quality, and chronic disease management to make sure the seriously ill, who are responsible for the bulk of all health care costs, are treated properly.

出自-2016年6月阅读原文

These days, nobody needs to cook.

出自-2016年6月阅读原文

Teachers need to be much better paid to attract the best college graduates to the nation's worst schools.

出自-2016年6月阅读原文

So what you need to know is that there's no evidence whatsoever to back these claims.

出自-2016年6月阅读原文

Our society needs the full participation of its younger citizens if it is to continue to thrive.

出自-2016年6月阅读原文

Most agree that the solution is to push doctors to accept fixed payments to care for a particular illness or for a patient's needs over a year.

出自-2016年6月阅读原文

Medical spending, which typically rises faster than wages and the overall economy, is propelled by two things: the high prices charged for medical services in this country and the volume of unnecessary care delivered by doctors and hospitals, which often perform a lot more tests and treatments than a patient really needs.

出自-2016年6月阅读原文

It is also the reason why development agencies are not united in their view of environmental issues; while some, like the WRI, maintain that environmental progress needs to go hand-inhand with economic development, others argue that the priority is to build a thriving economy, and then use the wealth created to tackle environmental degradation.

出自-2016年6月阅读原文

Congress needs to find the courage to allow Medicare to pay preferentially for treatments proven to be superior.

出自-2016年6月阅读原文

As I said, structural unemployment isn't a real problem, it's an excuse—a reason not to act on America's problems at a time when action is desperately needed.

出自-2016年6月阅读原文

A few years later, a large defense buildup finally provided a fiscal stimulus adequate to the economy's needs—and suddenly industry was eager to employ those unadaptable and untrained workers.

出自-2016年6月阅读原文

You know, one of the first things I like to tell people when they ask me about the supplements, is that a lot of them are promoted as a cure for your memory, but your memory doesn’t need a cure.

出自-2016年6月听力原文

What your memory needs is a good workout.

出自-2016年6月听力原文

We need more funding and more effort to return these languages to everyday use, says Fred Nowuski of the National Museum of the American Indian, We are making progress but money needs to be spent on revitalising languages, not just documenting them.

出自-2016年6月听力原文

Yet the persistent question of Why do I need that? – or, perhaps more tellingly, Why do you need to know that? – dogs the steps of many new ventures.

出自-2016年12月阅读原文

While we argue phasing out racial terminology ( ' , 术语 ) in the biological sciences, we also acknowledge that using race as a political or social category to study racism, although filled with lots of challenges, remains necessary given our need to understand how structural inequities and discrimination produce health disparities ( ' , 差异 ) between groups, Yudell said.

出自-2016年12月阅读原文

Too many workplace policies effectively prohibit employees from developing a healthy work-life balance by barring them from taking time off, even when they need it most.

出自-2016年12月阅读原文

So what other variables could be used if the racial concept is thrown out? Yudell said scientists need to get more specific with their language, perhaps using terms like ancestry or population that might more precisely reflect the relationship between humans and their genes, on both the individual and population level.

出自-2016年12月阅读原文

Practical skills they will need in their future careers.

出自-2016年12月阅读原文

In an article published in the journal Science, four scholars say racial categories need to be phased out.

出自-2016年12月阅读原文

For instance, new technologies that are building upon existing technology have not found their footing well enough to appeal to a mass audience, because, in many cases, they need to work effectively with other devices to realize their full appeal.

出自-2016年12月阅读原文

And when it comes to the hyper-connected super-smart world that technology firms are painting for us, it seems that consumers are growing more uneasy about handing over the massive amounts of consumer data needed to provide the personalized, customized solutions that companies need to improve their services.

出自-2016年12月阅读原文

Wherever needed, social workers come to help.

出自-2016年12月听力原文

We often deal with complex human needs.

出自-2016年12月听力原文

Its primary mission is to enhance human well-being and help meet the basic needs of all people, with the particular focus on those who are vulnerable, oppressed and living in poverty.

出自-2016年12月听力原文

And to start things off, I think what we need to do is consider a definition.

出自-2016年12月听力原文

We need to understand what motivates people, what it is that allows them to make change, says Professor Neil Adger, of the Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research in Norwich.

出自-2015年12月阅读原文

They asked both groups to generate questions about important issues needed to create recovery plans.

出自-2015年12月阅读原文

These students need to build skills and knowledge during college if they are to use their degrees as a stepping- stone to middle-class mobility.

出自-2015年12月阅读原文

There are some very commendable characteristics of the CFL [compact fluorescent ( ' , 荧光的 ) light bulb], yet the selection of any light source remains inseparable from the luminaire ( ' , 照明装置 ) that houses it, along with the space in which both arc installed, and lighting requirements that need to be satisfied.

出自-2015年12月阅读原文

That is because the engineers, designers, regulators, operators, and all of the other skilled people needed for the new energy industry are specialists who have to be trained first ( ' , or retrained, if they are the ones being laid off in some related industry), and education, like any other complicated endeavor, takes times.

出自-2015年12月阅读原文

Some top institutions like Yale seem to provide first-generation students with more support than they actually need.

出自-2015年12月阅读原文

Perhaps a new phrase is needed, one that can bring everyone one big step closer to realizing Du Bois's original, idealistic hope: It's not the name—it's the Thing that counts..

出自-2015年12月阅读原文

Our society depends on them being able to make critical decisions about their own medical treatment say, or what we must do about global energy needs and demands.

出自-2015年12月阅读原文

One needs the designers, and perhaps the regulators, before the builders and operators, and each group of workers in training has to know there is work waiting beyond graduation.

出自-2015年12月阅读原文

It meets practical needs.

出自-2015年12月阅读原文

It has tried hard to satisfy students' various needs.

出自-2015年12月阅读原文

Instead of normalising the undesirable behaviour, the message needs to marginalise it, for example, by stating that if even one person buys yet another SUV, it reduces our ability to be energy-independent.

出自-2015年12月阅读原文

By sanctioning this watered-down version of college, universities are catering to the social and educational needs of wealthy students at the expense of others who won't enjoy the financial backing or social connections of richer students once they graduate.

出自-2015年12月阅读原文

When teamsconsist of experienced employees from hierarchical organizations, who have been conditioned to traditional organizational culture, cooperation may not occur naturally, it may need to be created.

出自-2015年12月听力原文

Inflation, resource scarcity, reduced personnel levels and budget cuts have all underscore the need for better coordination in organizations.

出自-2015年12月听力原文

For some people, mass transit might answer all transportation needs.

出自-2015年12月听力原文

"The parents said, ‘We don't need rules-we're fine,' and the children said, ‘Our parents need rules,'" Keith says.

2018年12月六级真题(第三套)阅读 Section B

"The yield is never going to be high," Farrant says, so these plants will be targeted not at Iowa farmers trying to squeeze more cash out of high-yield fields, but subsistence farmers who need help to survive a drought like the present one in South Africa

2018年6月六级真题(第一套)阅读 Section B

"We as a society need to understand that, when we don't punish lying, we increase the probability it will happen again," Ariely says.

2019年12月六级真题(第一套)阅读 Section C

"We need to understand what motivates people, what it is that allows them to make change," says Professor Neil Adger, of the Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research in Norwich.

2015年12月六级真题(第二套)阅读 Section B

And for this to happen, we may need action on a global scale.

2016年12月六级真题(第二套)听力 Section A

And they must learn how to capitalize on the movement's benefits, such as opportunities for more citations and a way to build a reputation without the need for conventional metrics, such as publication in high-impact journals.

2017年12月六级真题(第二套)阅读 Section B

And we also need to plan ahead so that we're in a position to deal with the likely levels of climate change which are already inevitable and even more so too for the levels that are likely if we don't get those global agreements.

2016年12月六级真题(第二套)听力 Section A

And when it comes to the hyper-connected super-smart world that technology firms are painting for us, it seems that consumers are growing more uneasy about handing over the massive amounts of consumer data needed to provide the personalized, customized so

2016年12月六级真题(第二套)阅读 Section B

As countries continue setting goals of reducing emissions, greater steps need to be taken to have a noticeable effect on the surrounding environment.

2017年12月六级真题(第三套)阅读 Section A

As he and other researchers examined the question of why teens were more apt to take risks in the company of other teenagers,they came to suspect that a crowd's influence need not always be negative.

2018年6月六级真题(第二套)阅读 Section B

As I said, we need to understand the best ways of avoiding climate change and this will involve a huge transition to low-carbon energy systems and the transition is a tremendous priority.

2016年12月六级真题(第二套)听力 Section A

As Jim Loehr and Tony Schwartz have written, if you have too much time in the performance zone, you need more time in the recovery zone, otherwise you risk burnout.

2018年12月六级真题(第一套)阅读 Section B

At the time, it became clear that the newly reunified Berlin would need a modern airport with far greater capacity than its existing airports.

2019年12月六级真题(第二套)听力 Section C

Beyond revealing population-wide patterns, the right combination of data and analysis can also help individuals identify unique characteristics of their own behavior, including conditions that could indicate the need for some form of intervention-such as

2018年12月六级真题(第一套)阅读 Section C

Bottom line, if you think you need more protein in your diet, consider these questions: Are you an extreme athlete; are you recovering from injury or surgery; or are you 60 years or older?

2019年12月六级真题(第二套)阅读 Section B

But all these concepts are massively expensive, require safety certification standards for road and air, need dual controls, involve complex folding wings and propellers,and have to be flown from air-strips.

2019年6月六级真题(第二套)阅读 Section A

But do we really need all this supplemental protein?

2019年12月六级真题(第二套)阅读 Section B

But most of all we need to keep the long-term perspective in mind: that even if computers will outsmart us, we can still be the most creative.

2019年6月六级真题(第三套)阅读 Section C

But the message is that they need not be disasters.

2016年6月六级真题(第二套)听力 Section C

But to build up my own finances, I need around 20% more in personal savings and 50% less debt.

2019年12月六级真题(第二套)听力 Section A

Civilian aviation is being disrupted, not by the age-old desires for speed, romanticism and glamour, but by the pressing need to respond to a changing climate.

2019年6月六级真题(第二套)阅读 Section A

Clothes and other items that need to be tried on such as diamond rings and gold necklaces are generally not suited to virtual retailing, and, of course, items with a low value- to-weight ratio.

2015年12月六级真题(第一套)听力 Section C

Even though the nuts, which need to stay moist, can be somewhat delicate to transport, traders carried them hundreds of miles throughout the forests and grasslands.

2017年12月六级真题(第一套)阅读 Section C

For instance, new technologies that are building upon existing technology have not found their footing well enough to appeal to a mass audience, because, in many cases, they need to work effectively with other devices to realize their full appeal.

2016年12月六级真题(第二套)阅读 Section B

From a political perspective, we need to understand the terms on which major countries like China and the USA might sign up to a global agreement because at the moment we don't have that consensus.

2016年12月六级真题(第二套)听力 Section A

Furthermore, with continuing advances in individual genome sequencing and the advent of personalized medicine, more non-scientists will need to be comfortable analyzing complex scientific information to make decisions that directly affect their quality of

2018年12月六级真题(第三套)阅读 Section C

Globally, urban populations are expected to double in the next 40 years, and an extra 2 billion people will need new places to live, as well as services and ways to move around their cities.

2019年12月六级真题(第二套)阅读 Section A

Governments emphasized the need to improve services.

2018年12月六级真题(第二套)听力 Section C

However, the professors need not worry so much.

2017年6月六级真题(第一套)阅读 Section A

I like doing both, and in fact I need to do both at the same time to keep me from going crazy.

2016年6月六级真题(第二套)听力 Section A

I think we need to stress that while there will be some job changes, there won't be anyone getting dismissed.

2019年6月六级真题(第二套)听力 Section A

If a fellow says "I'm 94 years old and I worked all my life", we need to realize, that is how he got to be 94, by staying involved.

2019年12月六级真题(第一套)听力 Section B

If there's a downward pressure on costs, because of a need for investment in other areas, I would argue that this is a perfectly feasible solution.

2016年12月六级真题(第二套)听力 Section C

If there's anything else you need, please come see me in my office any time.

2018年12月六级真题(第二套)听力 Section A

If you're trying to build resilience at work, you need adequate internal and external recovery periods.

2018年12月六级真题(第一套)阅读 Section B

I'll start with a brief review of the reasons for the change that we really need to make a clean break to restart growth.

2019年6月六级真题(第二套)听力 Section A

In addition to the sale, we're running a promotion for complimentary tailoring if you need it.

2017年12月六级真题(第一套)听力 Section A

It's basically when companies need quick answers to their questions about their consumers' habits.

2016年6月六级真题(第二套)听力 Section A

Last year, the Royal Society in London said in its report that scientists need to "shift away from a research culture where data is viewed as a private preserve".

2017年6月六级真题(第一套)阅读 Section C

middle-class and higher-income parents see their children as projects in need of careful cultivation, says Annette Lareau, whose groundbreaking research on the topic was published in her book Unequal Childhoods: Class, Race and Family life.

2017年6月六级真题(第二套)阅读 Section B

Natural talent helps in some way, but at the end of the day you really do need to work hard and get really, really good at what you do.

2016年12月六级真题(第二套)听力 Section A

New laws have been put into place that would make it easier for farms and supermarkets to donate unsold foods to those who are in need.

2017年12月六级真题(第一套)听力 Section A

No need to, says Pipitone, because, in fact, most of us already get enough protein in our diet.

2019年12月六级真题(第二套)阅读 Section B

Now, though a novel type of steel has been developed that resists fractures at much lower temperatures, while retaining its strength and toughness-without the need for expensive additives.

2019年6月六级真题(第三套)阅读 Section A

Of course, you'll need some time to catch your breath every so often, but the essential massage is keep moving, extending and learning.

2019年12月六级真题(第一套)听力 Section B

A friend in need is a friend indeed.

2016年高考英语北京卷 阅读理解 阅读B 选项

Admission is at normal charges and you don't need to book.

2015年高考英语全国卷1 阅读理解 阅读A 原文

After all, if we adapt in that way, we may avoid the need to change in so many others.

2017年高考英语江苏卷 阅读理解 阅读D 原文

After that, feeling the need to explore further, I decided to drop in on one of ASL club's meetings.

2017年高考英语全国卷1 完形填空 原文

Also, you need to check the accuracy of it.

2015年高考英语湖南卷 短文填空 原文

Although serious problems still remain and need to be dealt with, the world is a safer and healthier place.

2014年高考英语全国卷2 阅读理解 阅读B 原文

And I need to show him around the city.

2017年高考英语全国卷2 听力 原文

Andrew Miller thinks social media needs more attention than banks mainly because it remains unknown how users' data will be taken advantage of.

2016年高考英语上海卷 阅读理解 阅读C 题设

Another group of folks is needed to help market the event.

2018年高考英语江苏卷 阅读理解 填空题 原文

Anytime you find the world waving a chair in your face, remember this: all you need to do is focus on one thing?

2014年高考英语全国卷1 阅读理解 阅读C 原文

Art students making a good living with these statistics/data/analyses in mind, art students need not worry about their career and have an alternative plan.

2018年高考英语江苏卷 阅读理解 填空题 原文

As expected, I got a roasting, but I now understand why I need discipline.

2017年高考英语天津卷 阅读表达 原文

As natural architects, the pueblo Indians figured out exactly how thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.

2015年高考英语全国卷2 语法填空 原文

As our society grows old, we need the contributions of our older citizens.

2015年高考英语广东卷 完形填空 原文

As soon as you get the answer you need, move on to the next person.

2017年高考英语浙江卷(6月) 阅读理解 七选五 原文

Asked if he needs help, he replies, " no, thanks."

2015年高考英语湖南卷 阅读理解 阅读B 原文

At least, workers wouldn't have needed to carry cattle fat or water to smooth the paths.

2015年高考英语四川卷 阅读理解 阅读E 原文

At the university of Cambridge Turin discovered a wealth of important materials-including photographs, films, tape recordings, and field notes—which had remained unstudied and were badly in need of care and protection.

2014年高考英语全国卷1 阅读理解 阅读D 原文

Babies need a lot of rest: most of them sleep about 18 hours a day! adults need about eight hours.

2017年高考英语浙江卷(6月) 阅读理解 阅读B 原文

Because less preparation on paths is needed for rolling.

2015年高考英语四川卷 阅读理解 阅读E 选项

Because more force is needed for sliding.

2015年高考英语四川卷 阅读理解 阅读E 选项

Before she could react, I gave her a big hug and told her she didn't need to keep it a secret from me.

2016年高考英语上海卷 语法填空 A 原文

Big ideas for little kids includes everything a teacher, a parent or a college student needs to teach philosophy to elementary school children from picture books.

2016年高考英语浙江卷(6月) 阅读理解 阅读B 原文

Block, I need to take a few days off because my father is coming over to visit.

2017年高考英语全国卷2 听力 原文

But at union station in Los Angeles last month, a board went up with dollar bills attached to it with pins and a sign that read, "give what you can, take what you need".

2019年高考英语浙江卷 阅读理解 阅读B 原文

But good news is that there're really only three kinds of decisions you need to make about color in your home: the small ones, the medium ones, and the large ones.

2018年高考英语全国卷I 阅读理解 七选五 原文

But he did not know about brushes before a visitor told him he needed one.

2017年高考英语浙江卷(6月) 阅读理解 阅读A 原文

But there are still a few things I need to do before I go.

2016年高考英语全国卷2 听力 原文

But we have to wait in line to pay for these things we need.

2017年高考英语全国卷2 听力 原文

By doing that hundreds of dollars are wasted on classes that they would have never needed to take.

2015年高考英语湖南卷 阅读表达 原文

By that time, the panda no longer needed its mother for food.

2016年高考英语四川卷 语法填空 原文

By the way, does your package need packing?

2017年高考英语北京卷 听力 原文

Chinese au pairs need to improve their english skills.

2014年高考英语全国卷2 阅读理解 阅读C 选项

Consider again the cell-phone, and imagine the mines that produced those metals, the factories needed to make the box and packaging (包装) It came in.

2015年高考英语江苏卷 阅读理解 阅读B 原文

Everyone needs a hand when faced with challenges.

2015年高考英语重庆卷 阅读理解 阅读A 选项

For example, children may change soccer and basketball rules to suit their needs and their environment e.

2015年高考英语上海卷 阅读理解 阅读表达 原文

For previous generations, college was decisive break from parental control; guidance and support needed help from people of the same age and from within.

2016年高考英语北京卷 阅读理解 阅读D 原文

For the local family in need of help, what did they get?

2016年高考英语上海卷 听力 题设

Freedom needs to be guaranteed by responsibility.

2015年高考英语江苏卷 阅读理解 阅读D 选项

Gda ensures that volunteers work with community members and local project partners where our help is needed.

2019年高考英语北京卷 阅读理解 阅读A 原文

Governments of poor countries need more aid.

2016年高考英语江苏卷 阅读理解 阅读C 选项

Great athletes need to concentrate on patience.

2016年高考英语江苏卷 阅读理解 阅读D 选项

He can't help checking even at inappropriate times like when we are eating in a restaurant and I am talking to him! he behaves as if any small amount of boredom can make him feel the need to check his phone even when he knows he shouldn't.

2015年高考英语上海卷 语法填空 B 原文

How many hours of sleep do 11-year-olds need every day?

2017年高考英语浙江卷(6月) 阅读理解 阅读B 题设

How much does the woman need to pay for the minibus?

2017年高考英语北京卷 听力 题设

How much more does David need for the car?

2017年高考英语全国卷2 听力 题设

How much sleep you need depends a lot on your age.

2017年高考英语浙江卷(6月) 阅读理解 阅读B 原文

However, those in the 10 to 12 age group were "concerned with how many people like their posts", suggesting a "need" for social recognition that gets stronger the older they become.

2018年高考英语江苏卷 阅读理解 阅读D 原文

I don't even need a bike.

2018年高考英语全国卷I 听力 原文

I don't need it any more.

2017年高考英语北京卷 听力 原文

I feel like I need to do some exercise.

2018年高考英语全国卷2 听力 原文

I guess I just need a good sleep.

2015年高考英语全国卷1 听力 原文

I guess I need another minute.

2015年高考英语湖北卷 听力 原文

I have learned a lot from my motorhead: publishers need printers, engineers need mechanics, and architects need builders.

2016年高考英语天津卷 阅读理解 阅读B 原文

I need anew passport so I will have to have my photographs taken.

2018年高考英语天津卷 单项填空 原文

I need to be able to erase my work.

2016年高考英语北京卷 听力 原文

I need to be in my office in fifteen minutes, or I'll be late for a meeting.

2015年高考英语全国卷1 听力 原文

I need to get in shape.

2019年高考英语全国卷I 听力 原文

I need to hand in a sales report next Monday, and it's already Wednesday today.

2016年高考英语浙江卷(10月) 听力 原文

I need to prepare class notes and hold office hours.

2016年高考英语浙江卷(10月) 听力 原文

I need to send one package.

2017年高考英语北京卷 听力 原文

I need to talk about my new program with him before he leaves.

2019年高考英语全国卷2 听力 原文

I really need a rest now.

2019年高考英语全国卷2 听力 原文

If more information is needed, they will ask.

2019年高考英语全国卷3 阅读理解 七选五 原文

If volunteer positions do not meet these needs, people may not wish to participate.

2015年高考英语江苏卷 阅读理解 阅读C 原文

If you are in need of a deadline extension, simply explain the situation to the professor.

2019年高考英语全国卷3 阅读理解 七选五 原文

If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give it/running a try.

2018年高考英语全国卷I 语法填空 原文

If you need any help with the report, just let me know.

2015年高考英语全国卷1 听力 原文

If you need more help, I'll be over there, at the reference desk.

2016年高考英语浙江卷(10月) 听力 原文

If you need some help slowing down, turning on relaxing music.

2015年高考英语全国卷2 阅读理解 阅读B 原文

If you want to share a story of your pets with the readers, you need to submit it to smart animals.

2015年高考英语陕西卷 阅读理解 阅读A 题设

I'll do anything, but I need that basket, I love that basket.

2016年高考英语浙江卷(6月) 阅读理解 阅读D 原文

I'll go to the market tomorrow to buy all the things we'll need.

2016年高考英语全国卷2 听力 原文

In any unsafe situation, simply press the button and a highly-trained agent will get you the help you need.

2018年高考英语北京卷 单项填空 原文

In order to impress at a job interview, you need to bond with the interviewer right away.

2015年高考英语安徽卷 任务型读写 原文

In order to make a change, you need to decide why it's important.

2017年高考英语全国卷3 阅读理解 七选五 原文

In this article, you need to back up general statements with specific examples.

2016年高考英语浙江卷(6月) 单项选择 原文

In tonight's faster special, they come to the aid of a family in need of some delicious inspiration on a budget.

2018年高考英语全国卷I 阅读理解 阅读B 原文

Indeed, I was no different from others; I just needed a quieter place.

2015年高考英语重庆卷 阅读理解 阅读A 原文

Instead, you can find some sources from the Internet and print the copies needed.

2015年高考英语湖南卷 短文填空 原文

By eating more fast food, people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.

2017年高考英语全国卷1 语法填空 原文

It also needs to be stable.

2016年高考英语上海卷 选词填空 原文

It can be concluded that restaurant keepers need not "be overly concerned about ‘bad' tables," given that they're profitable.

2018年高考英语江苏卷 阅读理解 阅读B 原文

It is important to stress the need of shouldering responsibilities at work.

2019年高考英语天津卷 阅读理解 阅读D 选项

It needed to be shared in public.

2019年高考英语江苏卷 阅读理解 阅读D 原文

It needs no space for the storage of food.

2018年高考英语天津卷 阅读理解 阅读C 选项

It needs to be constructed from materials that will stand the heat of the lamp and regular adjustments by the user.

2016年高考英语上海卷 选词填空 原文

It took him a long time to acquire the skills he needed to become a good dancer.

2018年高考英语天津卷 单项填空 原文

It's also important to know how to avoid daydreams for those times when you really need to concentrate.

2015年高考英语北京卷 阅读理解 单项填空 原文

It's simpler because, if you have a computer, you can find information you need by searching the Internet.

2015年高考英语湖南卷 短文填空 原文

Jacob Sattelmair from Harvard University has done a study into how much exercise is needed to lower the risk of heart attacks.

2019年高考英语全国卷I 听力 原文

Jenkins needs it for the board meeting next Monday.

2015年高考英语全国卷1 听力 原文

Learning to think critically is an important skill today's children will need for the future.

2019年高考英语天津卷 单项填空 原文

Like most other creatures, we do need darkness.

2015年高考英语浙江卷 阅读理解 阅读C 原文

Metrorail each passenger needs a farecard to enter and go out.

2014年高考英语全国卷2 阅读理解 阅读D 原文

Most important, I have learned that fathers don't need clones in footsteps or anywhere else.

2016年高考英语天津卷 阅读理解 阅读B 原文

Most importantly, it needs to direct light where it is needed.

2016年高考英语上海卷 选词填空 原文

My dad never once said, "if you want to catch a fish you need to think like a fisherman."

2015年高考英语广东卷 阅读理解 阅读B 原文

Natalie also worked with other organizations to bring much-need supplies to rockaway.

2016年高考英语北京卷 阅读理解 阅读B 原文

These groups mainly rely for instilling needed dispositions into the young upon the same sort of association which keeps the adults loyal to their group.

出自-2009年考研翻译原文

The need of training is too evident; the pressure to accomplish a change in their attitude and habits is too urgent to leave these consequences wholly out of account.

出自-2009年考研翻译原文

All he needs to do is shell our $30 for paternity testing kit ( ' , PTK) at his local drugstore - and another $120 to get the results.

出自-2009年考研阅读原文

New skills and unfamiliar business models are needed too.

出自-2010年考研阅读原文

But almost all have ignored the big, profitable opportunity in their own backyard: the wholesale food and drink trade, which appears to be just the kind of market retailers need.

出自-2010年考研阅读原文

This seems a justification for neglect of those in need, and a rationalization of exploitation, of the superiority of those at the top and the inferiority of those at the bottom.

出自-2011年考研翻译原文

Rather than concluding that children make parents either happy or miserable, Senior suggests we need to redefine happiness: instead of thinking of it as something that can be measured by moment-to-moment joy, we should consider being happy as a past-tense condition.

出自-2011年考研阅读原文

Menand, is that “the knowledge and skills needed for a particular specialisation are transmissible but not transferable.

出自-2011年考研阅读原文

Academic inquiry, at least in some fields, may need to become less exclusionary and more holistic.

出自-2011年考研阅读原文

It is speculated that gardens arise from a basic need in the individuals who made them: the need for creative expression.

出自-2013年考研翻译原文

Another urge or need that these gardens appear to respond to, or to arise from is so intrinsic that we are barely ever conscious of its abiding claims on us.

出自-2013年考研翻译原文

A sacred place of peace, however crude it may be, is a distinctly human need, as opposed to shelter, which is a distinctly animal need.

出自-2013年考研翻译原文

“Mass-produced clothing ,like fast food, fills a hunger and need, yet is non-durable and wasteful,” Cline argues.

出自-2013年考研阅读原文

Students who do not need the extra training could cut their debt mountain by a third.

出自-2014年考研阅读原文

Vaux says that Science’s idea to pass some papers to statisticians “has some merit, but a weakness is that it relies on the board of reviewing editors to identify ‘the papers that need scrutiny’ in the first place”.

出自-2015年考研阅读原文

The issue is not the need for more houses but, as always,where to put them.

出自-2016年考研阅读原文

Maybe there’s no need for an upgrade and that’s OK.

出自-2016年考研阅读原文

It needs constant guardianship.

出自-2016年考研阅读原文

His analysis should therefore end any self-contentedness among those who may believe that the global position of English is so stable that the young generation of the United Kingdom do not need additional language capabilities.

出自-2017年考研翻译原文

But the ruling reinforces the need for citizens and their elected representatives, not the courts, to ensure equality of access to government.

出自-2017年考研阅读原文

The challenge of coping with automation underlines the need for the U. to revive its fading business dynamism: Starting new companies must be made easier.

出自-2018年考研阅读原文

Taxes on low-wage labor need to be cut, and wage subsidies such as the earned income tax credit should be expanded: This would boost incomes, encourage work, reward companies for job creation, and reduce inequality.

出自-2018年考研阅读原文

Such a trend is badly needed.

出自-2018年考研阅读原文

But in the medium term,middle-class workers may need a lot of help adjusting.

出自-2018年考研阅读原文

A long struggle will be needed to avoid a future of digital feudalism.

出自-2018年考研阅读原文

"Mass produced clothing, like fast food, fills a hunger and need, yet is non-durable and wasteful," Cline argues.

2013年考研真题(英语一)阅读理解 Section Ⅱ

A Department of Health spokesperson said: "We need to create a new vision for public health where all of society works together to get healthy and live longer."

2011年考研真题(英语二)阅读理解 Section Ⅱ

A large part of evaluation is calling out bad arguments, but we also need to admit good arguments by opponents and to apply the same critical standards to ourselves.

2020年考研真题(英语一)翻译 Section Ⅲ

And in that, once more, we need to look to the example of our children, to whom happiness is not a goal but a natural byproduct of the way they live.

2016年考研真题(英语二)阅读理解 Section Ⅱ

Because humans have an inherent need to resolve uncertainty, according to a recent study in Psychological Science.

2018年考研真题(英语二)完形填空 Section Ⅰ

But if the district is essentially giving a pass to students who do not do their homework because of complicated family lives, it is going riskily close to the implication that standards need to be lowered for poor children.

2012年考研真题(英语二)阅读理解 Section Ⅱ

But in the medium term, middle-class workers may need a lot of help adjusting.

2018年考研真题(英语一)阅读理解 Section Ⅱ

But unlike in friendships, you need coworkers.

2020年考研真题(英语二)阅读理解 Section Ⅱ

Even so, employers complain they aren't given all the workers they need.

2019年考研真题(英语二)阅读理解 Section Ⅱ

For one thing, conversations about wildfires need to be more inclusive.

2017年考研真题(英语二)阅读理解 Section Ⅱ

If my training intensity remains the same, but I'm constantly hungry and dropping weight, this is a sign that I need to increase my daily caloric intake.

2019年考研真题(英语二)完形填空 Section Ⅰ

In both cases, we need a rebalancing of power.

2020年考研真题(英语一)阅读理解 Section Ⅱ

In other words, we need to look at the ways in which machines can augment human labor rather than replace it.

2014年考研真题(英语二)阅读理解 Section Ⅱ

In our rapidly changing economy, we more than ever need people in the workplace who can take initiative and exercise their imagination "to respond to unexpected events".

2014年考研真题(英语二)阅读理解 Section Ⅱ

Instead of wordy, worthy strategies, future governments need to do more to provide the conditions for sport to thrive.

2017年考研真题(英语二)阅读理解 Section Ⅱ

It is stuck because the euro zone's dominant powers, France and Germany, agree on the need for greater harmonization within the euro zone, but disagree about what to harmonies.

2011年考研真题(英语二)阅读理解 Section Ⅱ

It needs to put historical prejudices to one side and take some steps to address our urgent housing need.

2014年考研真题(英语二)阅读理解 Section Ⅱ

Maybe there's no need for an upgrade and that's OK.  

2016年考研真题(英语一)阅读理解 Section Ⅱ

Most of the first-generation students were recipients of Pell Grants, a federal grant for undergraduates with financial need, while this was true only for 8.6 percent of the students with at least one parent with a four-year degree.

2015年考研真题(英语二)阅读理解 Section Ⅱ

Parents don't have to be exquisitely present at all times, but there needs to be a balance and parents need to be responsive and sensitive to a child's verbal or nonverbal expressions of an emotional need.

2017年考研真题(英语二)阅读理解 Section Ⅱ

Parents need to remind their children that their needs and desires may change over time, said Julie Garner, a real estate analyst with FitSmallBusiness.com.

2019年考研真题(英语二)阅读理解 Section Ⅱ

Production of corn, cotton, rice, soybeans, and wheat has been largely mechanized, but many high-value, labor-intensive corps, such as strawberries, need labor.

2019年考研真题(英语二)阅读理解 Section Ⅱ

Rather than concluding that children make parents either happy or miserable, Senior suggests we need to redefine happiness: instead of thinking of it as something that can be measured by moment-to-moment joy, we should consider being happy as a past-tense

2011年考研真题(英语一)阅读理解 Section Ⅱ

Rats and other animals need to be highly at tuned to social signals from others so that can identify friends to cooperate with and enemies to avoid.

2020年考研真题(英语二)阅读理解 Section Ⅱ

Scientists need journals in which to publish their research, so they will supply the articles without monetary reward.

2020年考研真题(英语一)阅读理解 Section Ⅱ

sit down to read and the flywheel of work-related thoughts keeps spinning一or else you're so exhausted that a challenging book's the last thing you need.

2016年考研真题(英语二)阅读理解 Section Ⅱ

Still, we need to be careful not to accuse opponents of bad arguments too quickly.

2020年考研真题(英语一)翻译 Section Ⅲ

That tells me whether I need to adjust my training program.

2019年考研真题(英语二)完形填空 Section Ⅰ

The French tax is not just a unilateral move by one country in need of revenue.

2020年考研真题(英语一)阅读理解 Section Ⅱ

The issue is not the need for more houses but, as always, where to put them.

2016年考研真题(英语一)阅读理解 Section Ⅱ

The need for such planning is increasingly urgent.

2019年考研真题(英语二)阅读理解 Section Ⅱ

The new research reveals that the need to know is so strong that people will seek to satisfy their curiosity even when it is clear the answer will hurt.

2018年考研真题(英语二)完形填空 Section Ⅰ

There is a gap in working-class jobs, but the workers who need those jobs most aren't equipped to do them.

2018年考研真题(英语二)阅读理解 Section Ⅱ

There're enough people to fill the jobs at McDonalds and other places where you don't need to have much skill.

2017年考研真题(英语二)阅读理解 Section Ⅱ

These are people who may previously have felt the need to get a full-time job that provided insurance in order to cover themselves and their families.

2015年考研真题(英语二)阅读理解 Section Ⅱ

They also need better public relations skills than their predecessors, as the costs of even a minor slipup can be significant.

2020年考研真题(英语二)阅读理解 Section Ⅱ

They could even be detrimental, satisfying a need to have "done our bit" without ever progressing onto bigger, bolder, more effective actions—a kind of "moral licensing" that allays our concerns and stops us doing more and asking more of those in charge.

2019年考研真题(英语二)阅读理解 Section Ⅱ

They gave justices permanent positions so they would be free to upset those in power and have no need to cultivate political support.

2012年考研真题(英语一)完形填空 Section Ⅰ

This might sound small, but to undo the effects of such a decrease a candidate would need 30 more GMAT points than would otherwise have been necessary.

2013年考研真题(英语一)完形填空 Section Ⅰ

Those are all valid, but you need to take time to hear out your coworkers, too.

2020年考研真题(英语二)阅读理解 Section Ⅱ

To accurately tell whether someone is sociable, studies show, we need at least a minute, preferably five.

2013年考研真题(英语二)阅读理解 Section Ⅱ

Vaux says that Science's idea to pass some papers to statisticians "has some merit, but a weakness is that it relies on the board of reviewing editors to identify ‘the papers that need scrutiny'in the first place".

2015年考研真题(英语一)阅读理解 Section Ⅱ

We don't need more categories, but we need to change the way we think about categories.

2013年考研真题(英语二)阅读理解 Section Ⅱ

We have a deep-seated need to feel good about ourselves and we naturally employ a number of self-enhancing strategies to achieve this.

2014年考研真题(英语二)阅读理解 Section Ⅱ

We need more time to assess other factors.

2013年考研真题(英语二)阅读理解 Section Ⅱ

We need progressive policies that shape collective action and rein in polluting businesses, alongside engaged citizens pushing for change.

2019年考研真题(英语二)阅读理解 Section Ⅱ

We need them to feel that home can be both here and there and that they can belong to two nations honorably.

2013年考研真题(英语二)阅读理解 Section Ⅱ

We need them to imagine the United States as a place where they can be productive for a while without committing themselves to staying forever.

2013年考研真题(英语二)阅读理解 Section Ⅱ

We need to adjust to this changing climate.

2014年考研真题(英语二)阅读理解 Section Ⅱ

We need to learn how to evaluate them properly.

2020年考研真题(英语一)翻译 Section Ⅲ

We need to look beyond strict definitions of legal and illegal.

2013年考研真题(英语二)阅读理解 Section Ⅱ

We need to reframe race against the machine as race with the machine.

2014年考研真题(英语二)阅读理解 Section Ⅱ

We need to take a magnifying glass to that.

2017年考研真题(英语二)阅读理解 Section Ⅱ

We often feel the need to tell others how we feel, whether it's a concern about a project, a stray thought, or a compliment.

2020年考研真题(英语二)阅读理解 Section Ⅱ

What we need to do is find a way to acknowledge and express what we feel appropriately, and then -- again, like children -- move on.

2016年考研真题(英语二)阅读理解 Section Ⅱ

While the government's commitment to long-term funding may have changed, the very pressing need for more affordable housing is real and is not going away.

2014年考研真题(英语二)阅读理解 Section Ⅱ

Yet children appear to have it down to an art -- and for the most part they don't need self-help books or therapy.

2016年考研真题(英语二)阅读理解 Section Ⅱ

Your home colleagues - your family - have no clear rewards for their labor; they need to be talked into it, or if they're teenagers, threatened with complete removal of all electronic devices.

2015年考研真题(英语二)阅读理解 Section Ⅱ